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UNITED STATES DISTRICT COURT CENTRAL DISTRICT OF
CALIFORNIA
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LEANN LIN, individually and on behalf of
herself and all others similarly situated,
Plaintiff,
vs. BANK OF AMERICA CORPORATION, BANK OF AMERICA NA, BANC
OF AMERICA CAPITAL MANAGEMENT LLC, NATIONS FUND TRUST, and
ROBERT H. GORDON,
Defendants. |
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Case No.:
Class
Action
COMPLAINT FOR VIOLATION OF FEDERAL SECURITIES
LAWS |
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INTRODUCTION
- This securities class action is brought on behalf of all
persons who purchased shares in the Nations Funds family of funds
from May 3, 2001 through July 3, 2003, inclusive (the "Class
Period").
- During the Class Period, defendants issued false and
misleading statements in Nations Funds' registration statements
and prospectuses in violation of federal securities laws. These
offering documents misrepresented and failed to disclose that
defendants were allowing at least one hedge fund to
surreptitiously engage in late trading and in market "timing," in
violation of stated internal policy and the law.
A. Late
Trading
- The daily price of mutual fund shares is calculated generally
as of 4:00 p.m. EST, when the New York market closes. The price,
known as the Net Asset Value, or "NAV," generally reflects the
closing prices of the securities that comprise a given fund's
portfolio, plus the value of any cash that the fund manager
maintains for the fund. Orders to buy, sell or exchange mutual
fund shares placed at or before 4:00 p.m. EST on a given day
received that day's NAV. Conversely, orders placed at 4:01 p.m.
EST or thereafter are supposed to be priced using the following
day's NAV. This is known as "forward pricing."
- Because of "forward pricing," which became law in 1968, mutual
fund investors do not know the exact price at which their mutual
fund orders will be executed at the time they place their orders,
as NAVs are calculated after the market closes. Forward pricing
ensures fairness because those who bought the fund during the day,
for example before a positive announcement came out after 4:00
p.m., will enjoy a gain. Those who bought after the announcement
are not supposed to share in the profit, as their purchase order
should receive the NAV set at the end of the next day, when the
market will have digested the news and reflected its impact in
higher prices for the stock held by the fund and therefore a
higher NAV for the fund.
- Someone who is allowed to engage in late trading, i.e.,
after 4:00 p.m., will enjoy a significant trading edge because he
can wait until after the market closes for significant news, and
then buy or sell the fund at the old NAV that does not reflect the
impact of the new information. When the market responds to the
news the next day, the late trader would be able to realize an
arbitrage profit based solely on the privilege of trading on the
old NAV.
- As alleged in a September 3, 2003 complaint filed in the
Supreme Court of the State of New York by New York's Attorney
General (the "Attorney General Complaint"), Bank of America
allowed Canary Capital Partners, LLC and Canary Investment
Management, LLC (collectively, "Canary") to engage in late
trading.
- Bank of America Capital Management, LLC, the manager for the
Nations Funds family, is a wholly-owned subsidiary of Bank of
America NA. In turn, Bank of America NA is a wholly-owned
subsidiary of Bank of America Corporation. These entities
controlled the Nations Funds Trust. Unless otherwise indicated,
Bank of America Corporation, Bank of America NA, Bank of America
Capital Management LLC, and Nations Funds Trust will hereinafter
be collectively referred to as "Bank of America".
- Bank of America allowed Canary to place orders after 4:00 p.m.
so that Canary could illegally and in violation of Bank of
America's policies receive that day's price (as opposed to the
next day's price, which the order would have received had it been
processed lawfully), to the detriment of plaintiff and members of
the Class.
- By allowing Canary to engage in market trading at the old NAV
price, Canary enjoyed a significant arbitrage profit that came
from profit that would otherwise have gone completely to the
fund's investors. When it redeemed its shares and claimed its
profit, the mutual fund manager either had to sell stock or use
cash on hand - stock and cash that used to belong to the fund's
investors - to give Canary its gain.
- As alleged in the Attorney General Complaint, Bank of America
installed special computer equipment in Canary's office that
allowed it to buy and sell Bank of America's own mutual funds, the
Nations Funds, and hundreds of other mutual funds at the 4:00 p.m.
price until 6:30 p.m. EST. In return, Canary agreed to leave
millions of dollars in Bank of America bond funds on a long-term
basis. By doing so, Bank of America enjoyed a profit, as its fees
were based on a percentage of the assets in the fund, and the more
assets in the family of funds, the more money it made. Moreover,
the long-term investments made by Canary assured a steady flow of
fees to Bank of America.
- Despite the fact that Bank of America was allowing Canary to
engage in late trading, Bank of America failed to disclose this to
its investors and, instead, repeatedly asserted in its
registration statements and prospectuses that trading was not
allowed after the market closed.
- As a result of defendants' conduct, plaintiff and members of
the Class suffered damages.
B. Timing
- According to the Attorney General Complaint, Bank of America
also allowed Canary to "time" mutual funds by allowing it to
engage in short-term, "in and out" trading of mutual fund shares,
despite the fact that its mutual fund registration statement and
prospectus state that the funds would protect its investors from
market timers, and that "timing" of mutual funds was acknowledged
to hurt long-term shareholders.
- "Timing" is the short-term darting in and out of a fund's
shares, hoping to exploit a price inefficiency in the fund's NAV.
For example, it can be done with U.S. funds holding foreign
securities in which trading ends long before the NAV is set at the
end of the U.S. trading day. Any pricing movement developments
after the foreign markets close may not be reflected in the NAV,
which enables market timers to buy or sell the shares at a "stale"
price, and that then allows them to benefit from price movements
in the foreign markets the following day.
- Effective timing allows traders to capture an arbitrage
profit. The arbitrage profit from timing comes dollar-for-dollar
out of the pockets of the fund's investors, as the timer steps in
at the last moment and takes part of the investors' upside when
the market goes up, so the next day's NAV is reduced for those who
are still in the fund. If the timer sell short, the arbitrage has
the effect of making the next day's NAV lower than it would
otherwise have been, thus magnifying the losses that investors
experience in a declining market.
- Timing also harms mutual fund investors because the trades
necessitated by timer redemptions can lead to realization of
taxable capital gains at an undesireable time, or may result in
managers having to sell stock into a falling market. While some
fund managers may keep cash on hand to pay out the timer's profits
without having to sell stock, it can reduce the overall
performance of the fund by requiring the fund manager to keep
certain amount of the funds' assets in cash at all times, thus
depriving the investors of the advantages of being fully invested
in a rising market.
- By allowing market timing by Canary, and misrepresenting that
investors in Nations Funds family of funds were being protected
from market timing, defendants caused damages to plaintiff and
members of the Class.
JURISDICTION AND
VENUE
- The claims alleged herein arise under Sections 11, 12 and 15
of the Securities Act of 1933 ("Securities Act") and Sections
10(b) and 20 of the Securities Exchange Act of 1934 (the "Exchange
Act").
- The jurisdiction of this Court is based on Section 27 of the
Exchange Act, 15 U.S.C. § 78aa and 28 U.S.C. §1331 (federal
question jurisdiction).
- Venue is proper in this judicial district pursuant to Section
27 of the Exchange Act. Many of the acts and transactions giving
rise to the violations of law complained of herein, including the
preparation and dissemination to the investing public of
materially false and misleading information, occurred in this
judicial district.
- In connection with the acts, transactions and conduct alleged
herein, defendants used the means and instrumentalities of
interstate commerce, including the United States mails, interstate
telephone communications and the facilities of a national
securities exchange and market.
THE PARTIES
- Plaintiff purchased shares in the Nations Funds family of
mutual funds during the period between May 3, 2001 through July 3,
2003, inclusive (the "Class Period"), as set forth in the
accompanying Certification, and has been damaged as a result of
defendants' conduct as alleged herein.
- Defendant Bank of America Corporation is a financial services
holding company organized as a Delaware corporation.
- Defendant Bank of America NA is a wholly-owned banking
subsidiary of Bank of America Corporation.
- Banc of America Capital Management, LLC ("BACAP") is a
wholly-owned subsidiary of Bank of America NA. BACAP is the
manager for the Nations Funds family, which encompasses numerous
mutual funds. BACAP, as investment adviser to the Funds, is
responsible for the overall management and supervision of the
investment management of each fund and it selects and manages the
investments of the Funds for which no sub-adviser is employed.
While each mutual fund is its own company, as a practical matter
the management company runs it. The portfolio managers who make
the investment decisions for the funds and the executives to whom
they report are all employees of the management company, not the
mutual funds themselves. The management company owes fiduciaries
duties to each fund and each investor.
- Defendant Nations Funds Trust is the registered investment
company in the Nations Fund Family. The Nations Fund Family has
more than 70 distinct investment portfolios and total assets in
excess of $150 billion.
- Defendant Robert H. Gordon was the co-president of Banc of
America Capital Management LLC during the Class Period.
CLASS ACTION
ALLEGATIONS
- Plaintiff brings this action as a class action pursuant to
Federal Rules of Civil Procedure 23(a) and (b)(3) on behalf of a
class consisting of all persons who purchased the Nations Funds
family of funds during the Class Period and who were damaged
thereby. Excluded from the Class are Canary, the defendants, their
officers and directors, employees, affiliates, legal
representatives, heirs, predecessors, successors and assigns, and
any entity in which the defendants have a controlling interest or
of which a defendant is a parent or subsidiary.
- The members of the Class are located in geographically diverse
areas and are so numerous that joinder of all members is
impractical. Millions of shares from the Nations Funds family of
funds have been sold. While the exact number of Class members is
unknown to the plaintiff at this time and can only be ascertained
through appropriate discovery, plaintiff believes there are
thousands of members of the Class who hold shares in the Nations
Funds' family of funds.
- Common questions of law and fact exist as to all members of
the Class and predominate over any questions affecting solely
individual members of the Class. Among the questions of law and
fact common to the Class are:
(a) Whether defendants engaged in acts or conduct in
violation of the federal securities laws as alleged herein;
(b) Whether defendants had a duty to disclose certain
information;
(c) Whether defendants acted negligently, knowingly or
recklessly in making materially false and misleading statements
or in failing to correct such statements upon learning that they
were materially false and misleading during the Class Period;
and
(d) Whether members of the Class have sustained damages and,
if so, the proper measure of damages.
- Plaintiff's claims are typical of the claims of the members of
the Class as plaintiff and members of the Class sustained damages
arising out of defendants' wrongful conduct in violation of
federal law as complained of herein.
- Plaintiff will fairly and adequately protect the interests of
the members of the Class and has retained counsel competent and
experienced in class and securities litigation. Plaintiff has no
interests antagonistic to or in conflict with those of the
Class.
- A class action is superior to other available methods for the
fair and efficient adjudication of this controversy since joinder
of all members of the Class is impractical. Furthermore, because
the damages suffered by individual Class members may be relatively
small, the expense and burden of individual litigation make it
impossible for the Class members individually to redress the
wrongs done to them. There will be no difficulty in the management
of this action as a class action.
SUBSTANTIVE
ALLEGATIONS
- According to the Attorney General Complaint, starting in 2001,
Bank of America (1) set Canary up with a state-of-the-art
electronic late trading platform, allowing it to trade late in the
hundreds of mutual funds that the bank offers to its customers,
(2) gave Canary permission to time its own mutual fund family, the
"Nations Funds," (3) provided Canary with approximately $300
million of credit to finance this late trading and timing, and (4)
sold Canary the derivative short positions it needed to time the
funds as the market dropped. None of these facts were disclosed in
the Nations Funds registration statements and prospectuses.
1. Establishment of the
Relationship
- The relationship between Bank of America and Canary commenced
in April 2001 when Theodore C. Sihpol, III, who worked in the Banc
of America Securities ("BAS") high-net worth group in midtown
Manhattan, visited Edward J. Stern, the Managing Principal of
Canary at his office in Secaucus, New Jersey.
- During the meeting, Stern outlined Canary's approach to timing
mutual funds and results it had achieved in doing so. He asked if
Canary would be allowed to time the Nations Funds family, and
proposed that Bank of America could both lend Canary the money to
do so and provide clearing services for the timed trades. Sihpol
agreed to check with the Bank of America and get back to
Canary.
- After making some inquiries within the Bank of America and
speaking with Stern on the telephone, Sihpol asked Stern to come
to the bank's New York headquarters and explain his proposal in
person to a larger group that included representatives from the
BAS clearing business. At this meeting, which took place in late
April, 2001, Stern and two of Canary's traders explained their
strategy to the Bank of America group again, discussed their
credit needs, and presented a list of the Nations Funds they would
most like to time.
- When the conversation turned to clearing, the representatives
of the BAS clearing business offered to set up Canary with direct
access to the bank's clearing function through their electronic
ADP system. Using technology that was proprietary to BAS, Canary
would be able to enter its trades directly into Canary's computers
in New Jersey after the market closed until 6:30 p.m. New York
time, without having to speak to a Bank of America representative.
The representatives of the bank's clearing business mentioned this
late trading capability as an additional selling point for
ADP.
- The meeting was a success. The parties agreed to go forward,
subject to final approval of the list of Nations Funds to be
timed. Sihpol prepared a memorandum summarizing the Canary/Stern
relationship and their efforts thus far to implement Canary's
mutual fund trading strategy. This memo, dated April 16, 2001, was
sent to Charles D. Bryceland, his superior in the high-net worth
brokerage business at BAS, and to a BAS compliance officer. Among
other things, the memo notes that:
• Canary uses a proprietary strategy involving market timing
through daily mutual fund trading;
• (a) the "immediate objective" was to implement Canary's
"proprietary market-timing trading strategy, through the use of
[BAS'] mutual fund clearing operations," (b) initially it was
contemplated that Bank of America would permit Canary to time
$20 million to $30 million in Nations Funds, and (c) Canary
would make a "sticky" asset investment of the same amount of
money in Nations bond funds;
• (a) initially Canary would execute its mutual find timing
trades by calling the trades into Sihpol, (b) later, however,
Canary would be provided a direct link to BAS' proprietary
mutual fund clearing system, and (c) the BAS clearing department
had approved installation of the "direct link;" and
• other potential business Bank of America could pursue with
Canary and the Stern family included a potential $100 to $200
million line of credit to facilitate Canary's trade operations
and a $25 million to $30 million opportunity for the BAS'
derivatives desk to assist Canary in shorting the stocks owned
by the mutual funds Canary was timing.
Sihpol acknowledged that Canary's requests were "a bit
unorthodox," but stated that Canary "made it clear they are not
only willing to play by the guidelines we agree on, but also pay
[Bank of America] for the value we can add."
- Bryceland, Sihpol's branch manager, favored the market timing
relationship with Canary and would later commend the diligence of
Sihpol and his team to some of the most senior Bank of America
executives. The BAS compliance representative initially questioned
the propriety of giving a client "direct access" to BAS' mutual
fund clearing capabilities. Apparently the compliance officer's
concerns were satisfied when Sihpol informed him that other Bank
of America employees "felt the business was worthwhile and an
appropriate use of [Bank of America's] resources."
- On May 1, 2001, Canary sent Sihpol a letter confirming the
Nations Funds he hoped to time and providing the dollar amounts of
timing for each fund. Initially, Canary intended to time four
funds - Nations Convertible, Nations International Equity, Nations
Emerging Markets and Nations Small Cap - in an aggregate amount of
$16.8 million. The short term trading was to average one "round
turn" per week (i.e., one purchase and one sale of the mutual fund
shares each week). After selling a fund, the proceeds of the sale
were to be deposited into a Nations money market fund or
short-term bond fund until such time that Canary decided to
"redeploy" it for the next timing trade in the "approved" Nations
funds.
- The letter further confirmed the understanding reached with
respect to manual, electronic and late trading, and BAS' intention
to provide financing for it. Canary wrote:
We plan on transacting our trades manually at first (via
Fax), at a time of day that is a little bit earlier than [the
BAS clearing representative] specified in our first meeting. As
soon as we can work out our lending arrangement with the bank
and begin transacting electronically via ADP, we will draw down
leverage against the capital we have deployed in the Nations
funds, effectively increasing our trading capital with your firm
to $32 million. If all goes well, this capital should grow
larger as we get a sense of what trades can and cannot be done
via the Banc of America Securities Platform. We really would
like to get going with ADP and begin trading electronically as
soon as possible.
Canary also confirmed one of Bank of America's rewards for
allowing such timing activity - "sticky assets." The letter
notes:
It is also our intention to commit "permanent" capital to
Nations funds in an amount equal to the dollars that...[a
special purpose mutual fund timing vehicle affiliated with
Canary] trades. For the time being, we have chosen to invest in
Nations Short to Intermediate Government and Nations Short Term
Income Fund....
- Though Sihpol had obtained the go-ahead from clearing
operations, his branch manager and the compliance department, he
still needed the consent of Banc of America Capital Management,
LLC ("BACAP"), the investment manager of the Nations Funds. Sihpol
had kept Robert H. Gordon, then the co-President of BACAP, abreast
of the negotiations with Stern from the beginning, and had
obtained from him the list of Nations Funds from which Canary had
made its selection of target funds. On May 3, 2001, Sihpol sent
Gordon an e-mail, apparently attaching a copy of Canary's May 1,
2001 letter, in which he advised Gordon of the names of the
trading vehicles Canary would be using for its timing trades and
that a Canary affiliate would be "making the dollar for dollar
investment in the two short-term government funds."
- Sihpol also sought to enlist Gordon's assistance with Canary's
proposed derivatives transactions involving the securities held in
certain of the Nations mutual funds. In the same e-mail, Sihpol
wrote:
Additionally, if you could...let us know what the most
efficient, proper way of getting the portfolio's positions and
weightings to Cockatiel that would put us on track for a
conversation with our derivatives desk.
Thanks again for all your help....
Ted
That same day, Gordon forwarded Sihpol's e-mail and its
attachment to various senior managers within BACAP as well as
certain individual portfolio managers. Gordon wrote:
I've spoken to a number of you about this day trading
exception. The account is the Stern Family, a significant and
growing GCIB/Bank relationship. Also, nice incentive of matching
funds in the Short-Intmdt. Gov't Fund.... thanks, and let me
know if there are any issues.
Apparently, no one raised any issues. Indeed, after being
notified in a subsequent e-mail from Sihpol that the $20 million
in "sticky" assets promised by Canary had arrived, Gordon
forwarded the e-mail to various BACAP personnel confirming that
Canary was "an approved timer."
- In addition, Gordon's e-mail granting a special market timing
dispensation to Canary was forwarded to the BACAP "timing police"
responsible for protecting the Nations Funds from market timers.
2. Late Trading
- At first, Canary conducted its late trading with the Bank of
America "manually." Prior to 4:00 p.m. New York time, Canary sent
Sihpol or a member of his team a series of "proposed" mutual fund
trades by e-mail or fax. Upon receipt, Sihpol or a member of his
team filled out an order ticket, time stamped it, and set it to
one side until that evening. Sometime after 4 p.m. New York time,
Canary telephoned Sihpol or a member of his team to either confirm
or cancel the "proposed" order. If confirmed, the order (with its
pre-close time stamp) was sent by fax to Bank of America's mutual
funds clearing department for processing, and received that day's
NAV. If the order was cancelled, Sihpol or a member of his team
would destroy the ticket.
- This procedure violated not only the SEC's "forward pricing
rule" and the bank's compliance manual, but was contrary to the
Nations Funds registration statement and prospectus.
- The manual trading system was cumbersome, and Canary soon
began using ADP, the "direct link." After Bank of America
technicians installed it in Canary's offices in June of 2001, the
link became the preferred route for Canary's late trading
(although the manual procedure was still followed occasionally for
certain orders and when Canary experienced technical problems).
The link enabled Canary to trade late not just in the Nations
Funds where it had negotiated capacity, but in the many other
mutual fund families with which the bank had clearing agreements.
When there was a significant market event after 4:00 p.m. EST but
before the ADP trading window closed at 6:30 p.m., the NAVs of
many of these funds would be stale and potentially ripe for
arbitrage trading by Canary.
- Sihpol and his team collected a fee of one percent of the
Canary assets in Nations Funds and one half of one percent of the
assets in other funds traded through the platform. Throughout
2001, 2002 and up until July 2003, Canary placed late orders for
hundreds of mutual fund trades through ADP. Each evening,
summaries of Canary's late trades were faxed to Sihpol's team,
which used them to reconcile trading reports and then discarded
them.
3. Financing Canary's Late Trading
and Timing
- Sihpol went to the Bank of America's private banking area to
obtain additional financing for Canary's trading strategies. The
executives who approved this financing knew that the money would
be used to time the bank's own funds. Bank of America initially
agreed to a $75 million line of credit, and later increased it to
$100 and then $200 million. The collateral for these loans was
Canary's mutual fund positions, so the bank's credit area tracked
Canary's trading closely to make sure the bank was fully secured.
Canary paid the bank a generous interest rate of LIBOR plus 1.25%
for this loan.
4. Derivatives
- Sihpol also sought and obtained approval for the BAS equity
derivatives area to engage in the complex "equity basket"
transactions that enabled Canary to sell mutual funds short and
profit from falling markets. Sihpol facilitated establishing these
"synthetic" short positions by obtaining from Gordon's group the
precise makeup of the Nations Funds that Canary was interested in
shorting. This information was then transferred to the bank's
derivatives desk, which would then sell the stocks that the
Nations Funds managers were buying in order to create a hedge.
Sihpol helped Canary update these positions on a regular basis so
that the positions tracked the changing portfolios of the Nations
Funds. Canary paid the bank derivatives group commissions for the
stock sales plus a generous financing spread.
5. The Canary Relationship
Expands
- Canary's timing activity in Nations Funds proceeded during
2001. In early 2002, however, Gordon raised an issue with Sihpol
about an agreement the two had reached in December, 2001 to
provide Canary with more timing capacity. This agreement was
reflected in an e-mail sent to Bryceland, Sihpol's branch manager,
in which Siphol wrote:
Canary is currently OK to trade 1% (or approx. $5MM) of the
Nation's International fund. When Rob [Gordon] and I spoke in
December we agreed an increase to 2% would be acceptable
provided it was accompanied by an amount of "sticky" assets to
be determined later.
When the time had come for Gordon to make good on this
agreement, Sihpol sent an e-mail dated January 2, 2002:
Rob-
Happy New Year. We wanted to let you know Canary's line of
credit with the bank has been increased to $100MM (from $75) and
they are anticipating putting it to work with us over the next
couple of weeks. Do you have any feel on when we could expand
their space in [the International Fund] as we discussed last
month? This is a top priority for them and have [sic] offered
"sticky" assets in return for additional trading space.
Thanks again for the help.
Ted
- Gordon disagreed. The agreement, according to Gordon, was only
that he would consider approving an increase in Canary's timing
capacity which was, in any event, contingent upon the fund
sub-advisor's consent to the timing activity. Gordon then enlisted
the assistance of a senior executive at Bank of America's private
bank, with whom he had already discussed the issue. In an e-mail
forwarding Sihpol's January 2nd e-mail, Gordon wrote:
. . . you and I talked briefly about this on the bus in
Phoenix -- is this something that you want me to continue to
make exceptions for (we don't as a general rule except market
timers)? The corresponding balances they give us in the funds
are nice but I wouldn't do it for that.
Rob
- This message was forwarded to another Bank of America
executive with the note that the Canary relationship "is
controversial within bacap" and requesting that she speak with
Gordon and advise on a game plan. According to an e-mail from
Bryceland, Sihpol's supervisor, the private bank's concern "was
making sure we do additional business if we are giving them 100mm
of our balance sheet?" Bryceland then scheduled a lunch meeting
for the following day to discuss the Canary relationship and
related issues with Gordon.
- The next day, January 4, 2002, Sihpol sent an e-mail, at
Bryceland's request, quantifying the past and future Canary
relationship. In relevant part, Sihpol wrote:
The commission generated as of 12/31/01 has totaled over
$655,000 (not including any revenue generated from the LIBOR +
125 [basis points] $100MM line of credit from the bank- of which
$70 MM is currently drawn). This means the revenues for AMG
would total over $2,250,000 on an annualized basis. This number
assumes zero growth over the next year and does not include the
one time fees (initial mutual funds charges, loan closings,
etc.) the account experienced this year. We are meeting with
Eddie Stern on Monday to discuss dramatically expanding their
derivative business and the addition of new capital to their
trading accounts.
Bryceland then forwarded Sihpol's "quantification" of the
Canary relationship to still further senior members in the Bank of
America hierarchy. Recipients included Richard DeMartini, the head
of all of Bank of America's asset management businesses. Included
with Sihpol's e-mail was Bryceland's praise for the individuals
involved:
Accolades go to:
* Rob Gordon & BACAP for giving access to BACAP funds for
market timing activities (initial business we booked and not
normally accepted by BACAP)
* [Private Bank executives] - Line of credit for 75 mm, now
100mm to provide leverage for derivative and market timing
transactions in an expedited and extremely professional way
* Ted Sihpol .... - for...appropriately drawing on the firms
[sic] resources to establish [the Canary relationship]. It is
always nice to enter a new year with a success like this. Thanks
to all team members who have contributed to this profitable
relationship and for thinking across divisional lines to make
money for the firm.
- After these e-mail briefings of the upper ranks of Bank of
America management, Sihpol met with Canary as he indicated he
would in the "quantification" e-mail. Apparently the controversy
within BACAP continued, however, as Gordon had not yet approved
Canary's request for additional timing capacity. Sihpol e-mailed
the results of his Canary meeting to Gordon as follows:
1. They are adding an additional $50MM to their trading
accounts to be run at 50 [basis points]. This is part of $90MM
worth of negotiated space they have been promised by another
firm and wish to trade the space here. This will be followed by
the additional 40MM as they use the $100MM line of credit.
2. They agreed to try and increase their communication with
us/the funds when increasing or decreasing the size of their
trade in our (Nations) funds.
3. They would like to see a term sheet on the principal
protected note managed by Marsico as soon as one becomes
available - and understand the value of participating in
proprietary offerings.
4. They [sic] fund would like to increase their business w/
[the derivatives area] - esp. the ability to trade the same
contracts more frequently (weekly). The execution of our
[derivatives] desk is the best they have on the street.
5. Lastly, they would like to ask if we could grant them
space (1-2%) in 3 additional Nations Funds. . . . While I know
we continue to ask for space, the client continues to bring us
new, outside, assets and continues to pay us generously on
in-house, outside and derivative accounts. Thanks again for the
help and anything you could do would be great....
Gordon forwarded Sihpol's status e-mail to DeMartini with the
following message:
Rich -- Once we've gotten the Marsico Principal Protected
Fund off the ground, we intend to ask Mr. Stern for a commitment
of $20 million in return for the market timing commitments.
Rob
BACAP, however, was unable to launch the Marsico Principal
Protected Fund into which the sticky money was to be deposited.
Gordon nonetheless approved additional timing capacity, and Canary
continued timing various Nations Funds throughout 2002 and into
2003.
- As one of Bank of America's "timing police" stated in an
internal email discussing another timers' approach to Nations
Funds in search of timing capacity: Our stated policy for the
Funds, and our representation to the Board, is that we do not
allow market timing activity. A copy of this email was sent to
Gordon on March 18, 2003. Five days later, Gordon approved further
Canary timing in two additional Nations funds.
6. The End of the Canary
Relationship
- Ultimately, even BACAP's own employees questioned whether
Canary's timing trading was detrimental to long-term shareholders.
In a May 12, 2003 e-mail, a BACAP employee complained vociferously
to the "timing police" about the damage a timer -- apparently
Canary -- was doing to one of the Nations Funds:
the PB has a client who trades $9 million in and out of the
midcap index fund all the time. It wasn't so bad when he held
his positions for a while, but now he's trading extremely short
swings, sometimes with holding periods of only a day. The impact
of this has been lessened since we have been getting
notification in time to hedge at the close, but there is still a
cost that's being borne by other fund shareholders. We would be
happy to set up a futures trading account for this guy and
handle his futures trades for him, but a mutual fund is not the
right vehicle for this kind of trading.
Notwithstanding these concerns, Canary continued to time the
Nations Funds until early July, 2003, when Canary received a
subpoena from the Attorney General's Office. At that point,
Canary's timing of Nations Funds ceased. On July 3, 2003, a member
of the BACAP "timing police" force sent the following e-mail to
his colleague:
This [attachment] is the [Canary] account in Small Company
that came in on June 11 through Bear Stearns that Ted Sihpol
indicated would be "sticky" money. They placed a full
liquidation yesterday.
The BACAP "timing police" noticed right away that Canary's
"sticky assets" had left the bank.
FALSE AND MISLEADING STATEMENTS
MADE
- At no time during the Class Period did the Nations Funds
disclose to shareholders (1) the agreements with Canary, (2)
Canary's extensive market timing activities pursuant to these
agreements, (3) the "sticky asset" deals, (4) the fact that Canary
had access to a BAS trading platform that enabled Canary to trade
late, or (5) the other financial services the Bank of America had
provided Canary (and the revenues the Bank of America derived
therefrom) in connection with Canary receiving timing capacity in
the Nations Funds.
- Indeed, while Bank of America was allowing Canary to engage in
late trading, Bank of America failed to disclose this to Nations
Funds' investors and, instead, in Nations Funds' registration
statements and prospectuses represented that trading was not
allowed after the market closed.
- For example, the Nations Funds Primary A Shares prospectus
dated August 1, 2001 states that orders received before the end of
a business day (usually 4:00 p.m. Eastern time, unless the NYSE
closes early) will receive that day's net asset value per share.
Orders received after the end of a business day will receive the
next business day's net asset value per share. This language
appeared in numerous other Nations Funds prospectus, including
ones filed on June 29, 2001, November 21, 2001, January 4, 2002,
April 3, 2002, August 8, 2002 and August 30, 2002.
- Likewise, the Nations Funds Registration Statement and
Prospectus dated June 29, 2001 pertaining to various funds from
the Nations Funds, states:
A business day is any day that the New York Stock Exchange
(NYSE) is open. A business day ends at the close of regular
trading on the NYSE, usually at 4:00 p.m. Eastern time. If the
NYSE closes early, the business day ends as of the time the NYSE
closes.
* * *
How shares are priced
All transactions are based on the price of the Fund's shares
- or its net asset value per share. We calculate net asset value
per share for each class of the Fund at the end of each business
day. . . .
How orders are processed
Orders to buy, sell or exchange shares are processed on
business days. Orders received by Stephens, PFPC or their agents
before the end of a business day (usually 4:00 p.m. Eastern
time, unless the NYSE closes early) will receive that day's net
asset value per share. Orders received after the end of a
business day will receive the next business day's net asset
value per share. . . .
- Furthermore, Bank of America allowed "timing" by Canary.
However, its registration statements and prospectuses created the
misleading impression that it was protecting investors against the
negative effects of timing, and failed to disclose that Bank of
America allowed for these arrangements with respect to Canary and
possibly others. In fact, in 2002, while Canary's timing activity
was in full swing, Nations Funds added language to the prospectus
disclosing the harmful effect of market timing and reassuring
shareholders that Nations Funds would protect them. For example,
the August 1, 2002 Nations Funds prospectus for Primary A shares
discloses the following:
The interests of a Fund's long-term shareholders and its
ability to manage investments may be adversely affected when its
shares are repeatedly bought and sold in response to short-term
market fluctuations -- also known as "market timing." The
exchange privilege is not intended as a vehicle for market
timing. Excessive exchange activity may interfere with portfolio
management and have an adverse effect on all shareholders. When
BA Advisors believes frequent trading would have a disruptive
effect on a Fund's ability to manage its investments, a Fund may
reject purchase orders and exchanges into a Fund by any person,
group or account that is believed to be a market
timer.
- Bank of America, by serving Canary, received large fees for
its investment advisory services, which were calculated as a
percentage of the average daily net assets of each fund, while
Canary made tens of millions through late trading and timing.
However, as a result of defendants' wrongful conduct, plaintiff
and members of the Class suffered damages.
COUNT I For
Violation of §11 of the 1933 Act Against All
Defendants
- Plaintiff repeats and realleges each of the foregoing
paragraphs. This claim is not based on fraud.
- Each of the defendants is liable under §11(a) because Nation
Funds' Registration Statement, when it became effective, contained
untrue statements of material fact or omitted to state material
facts required to be stated therein or necessary to make the
statements therein not misleading.
- Plaintiff and other members of the Class purchased Nations
Fund shares pursuant to false and misleading registration
statements without knowledge of the untruths or omissions alleged
herein, and sustained damages as a result. Plaintiff and the other
members of the Class could not have reasonably discovered the
nature of defendants' untruths and omissions.
- Defendants directly or indirectly, used the means and
instrumentalities of interstate commerce and the U.S.
mails.
- By reason of the foregoing, the defendants violated §11 of the
1933 Act and are liable to plaintiff and the other members of the
Class, each of whom has been damaged by reason of such
violations.
-
This action was brought within one year after the
discovery of the untrue statements and omissions and less than
three years after the issuance of false and misleading
registration statements.
COUNT II
For Violation of Section 12(2) of The Securities Act
Against All Defendants
- Plaintiff repeats and realleges the foregoing
paragraphs.
- This Count is asserted by plaintiff against all defendants
under and pursuant to Section 12(2) of the Securities Act. This
claim is not based on fraud.
- The defendants offered, sold, or solicited for financial gain
all the shares sold pursuant to the prospectuses to plaintiff and
the Class. The defendants' actions included actively taking part
in encouraging prospective purchasers to buy shares of Nations
Funds.
- The prospectuses included untrue statements of material fact
and omitted to state material facts necessary in order to make the
statements made, in light of the circumstances under which they
were made, not misleading.
- The defendants owed to the purchasers of Nations Fund
securities, including plaintiff and other class members, the duty
to make a reasonable and diligent investigation of the statements
contained in the prospectuses, to insure that such statements were
true and that there was no omission to state a material fact
required to be stated in order to make the statements contained
therein not misleading.
- Plaintiff and the members of the Class did not know of any of
the untruthful statements and omissions alleged and in the
exercise of reasonable care could not have known of them.
- By reason of the conduct alleged herein, the defendants
violated § 12(2) of the Securities Act. As a direct and proximate
result of the defendants' wrongful conduct, plaintiff and other
purchasers of Nations Fund shares suffered damages.
- This action was brought within one year after the discovery of
the untrue statements and omissions and less than three years
after the issuance of false and misleading prospectuses.
COUNT
III For Violations of §15 of the 1933
Act Against the Bank of America Corporation, Bank of America NA,
Banc of America Capital Management and Robert H.
Gordon
- Plaintiff repeats and realleges the foregoing paragraphs.
Plaintiff, for purposes of this claim, expressly disclaims any
allegations of fraud.
- Nations Funds issued the securities registered by the
Registration Statement. This Claim is asserted against defendants
Bank of America Corporation, Bank of America NA, Banc of America
Capital Management and Robert H. Gordon by virtue of their direct
and indirect control and domination of the Nations Funds Trust.
COUNT IV For Violations of Sections 10(b) of the
Exchange Act and Rule 10b-5 Against All
Defendants
- Plaintiff repeats and realleges each of the foregoing
paragraphs.
- During the Class Period, defendants knowingly and/or
recklessly engaged in acts, transactions, practices, and courses
of business which operated as a fraud upon plaintiff and other
members of the Class, and made various untrue and deceptive
statements of material fact and omitted to state material facts
necessary in order to make the statements made, in light of the
circumstances under which they were made, not misleading to
plaintiff and other Class members.
- Each of the defendants knew or recklessly disregarded the fact
that the above acts and practices, misleading statements, and
omissions would adversely affect the integrity of the market in
shares in the Nations Funds family of funds.
- Plaintiff and other members of the Class have suffered
substantial damages as a result of the wrongs alleged
herein.
- By reason of the foregoing, defendants violated Section 10(b)
of the Exchange Act and Rule 10b-5 promulgated thereunder.
COUNT V For Violation of Section
20(a) of the Exchange Act Against Defendants Bank of America
Corporation, Bank of America NA, Bank of America Capital
Management and Robert H. Gordon
- Plaintiff repeats and realleges each of the foregoing
paragraphs. This Count is asserted against defendants Bank of
America Corporation, Bank of America NA, Banc of America Capital
Management, LLC, and Robert H. Gordon.
- These defendants acted as controlling persons of Nations Funds
Trust within the meaning of §20(a) of the Exchange Act as alleged
herein. By reasons of their relationship with Nations Funds Trust,
these defendants had the power and authority to cause the Company
to engage in the wrongful conduct complained of herein.
- These defendants were in a position to and did in fact control
the operations of the Company, including but not limited to
issuing the false and misleading statements complained of
herein.
- By reasons of the aforementioned wrongful conduct, these
defendants are liable pursuant to §20(a) of the Exchange Act. As a
direct and proximate result of their wrongful conduct, plaintiff
and the other members of the Class suffered damages in connection
with purchasing the Company's securities during the Class Period.
WHEREFORE, plaintiff on
her own behalf and on behalf of the Class prays for judgment as
follows:
1. Declaring this action to be a proper class action
maintainable pursuant to Rule 23 of the Federal Rules of Civil
Procedure and plaintiff to be a proper class representative and
her counsel lead counsel;
2. Awarding plaintiff and the Class compensatory damages,
together with appropriate prejudgment interest at the maximum rate
allowable by law;
3. Awarding plaintiff and the Class their costs and expenses
for this litigation, including reasonable attorneys' fees and
other disbursements; and
4. Granting such other and further relief as this Court deems
to be just and proper.
DATED: September 5, 2003
Kevin J. Yourman (147159) Jordan L.
Lurie (130013) Leigh A. Parker (170565) WEISS
& YOURMAN
By:
_______________________
Kevin J. Yourman 10940 Wilshire Blvd., 24th
Floor Los Angeles, CA 90024 Telephone: (310)
208-2800
Attorneys for
Plaintiff
DEMAND FOR JURY
TRIAL
Plaintiff
demands a trial by jury on all issues.
DATED: September 5, 2003
Kevin J. Yourman (147159) Jordan L.
Lurie (130013) Leigh A. Parker (170565) WEISS
& YOURMAN
By:
_______________________
Kevin J. Yourman 10940 Wilshire Blvd., 24th
Floor Los Angeles, CA 90024 Telephone: (310)
208-2800
Attorneys for
Plaintiff
NOTE: This is an electronic approximation of the actual
document. |