UNITED STATES DISTRICT COURT
FOR THE NORTHERN DISTRICT OF ILLNOIS
EASTERN DIVISION
|
------------------------------------------------------------- THE URSULA DESIMONE TRUST individually and on behalf of all others similarly situated, Plaintiff, -against - SEARS, ROEBUCK & CO. and JAMES A. BLANDA, EDWARD A. BRENNAN, JAMES M. DENNY, STEVEN D. GOLDSTEIN, ALAN J. LACY, and ARTHUR C. MARTRNEZ, Defendants. ------------------------------------------------------------- |
x : : : : : : : : : : : : : : : : x |
CIVIL ACTION NO. 97C 2636 PLAINTIFF DEMANDS A TRIAL BY JURY |
Plaintiff, for its class action complaint (the "Complaint"), alleges upon information and belief (said information and belief being based, in part, upon the investigation conducted by and through its undersigned attorneys), including examination o f public filings and articles in the public media, except as to those paragraphs relating to the plaintiff, his purchases of Sears, Roebuck & Co. ("Sears" or the "Company") common stock, and his suitability to serve as a class representative, which is all eged upon personal knowledge, the following:
1. This Court has Jurisdiction over the subject matter of this action pursuant to Section 27 of the Securities Exchange Act of 1934 (the "Exchange Act"), 15 USC § 78aa
2. The claims asserted herein arise under Sections 10(b) and 20(a) of the Exchange Act, 15 U.S.C. § § 78j(b) and 78t(a); and Rule 10b-5 promulgated thereunder by the Securities and Exchange Commission (the "SEC"), 17 C.F.R. § 240. 1Ob-5.
3. Venue is proper in this District pursuant to Section 27 of the Exchange Act and 28 U.S.C. § 1391(b) because many of the alleged acts, transactions and conduct constituting violations of law, including the issuance and dissemination to the inv esting public of materially false and misleading information, occurred, at least in part, in this District and because defendant Sears has its corporate headquarters in this District.
4. In connection with the acts alleged in this Complaint, defendants, directly and indirectly, used the means and instrumentalities of Interstate commerce, including the mails, telephone communications and the facilities of the national securitie s exchanges.
5. This action is brought as a class action on behalf of all persons or entities who purchased the common stock of Sears during the Class Period, defined below, to recover damages caused to plaintiff and the Class, defined below, by defendants' v iolations of the federal securities laws.
6. During the Class Period, defendants engaged in a course of conduct that was designed to, and which did, inflate reported earnings by improperly pressuring bankrupt customers to continue paying their credit card bills even though these customer s had filed for bankruptcy court protection from creditors, and illegally hiding debt affirmation agreements from the bankruptcy court. This conduct had the effect of artificially inflating the market price of Sears' common stock during the Class Period, causing plaintiff and members of the Classes purchase Sears' common stock at inflated prices. In furtherance of this plan and course of conduct, defendants took the actions as set forth herein.
7. During the Class, Period, plaintiff and each member of the Class purchased shares of Sears common stock in the open market without knowledge of the misconduct of defendants alleged in this Complaint and suffered damages as a result. Plaintiff and each member of the Class directly or indirectly relied upon the individual defendants' and Sears' public reports, press releases, and other public statements, as more fully described below, and/or upon the integrity of the market for Sears' common st ock.
8. Plaintiff, a trust formed and existing under the laws of New York purchased 100 shares of Sears common stock during the Class Period.
9. Defendant Sears is a corporation organized and existing under and by virtue of the laws of New York. Its principal offices and corporate headquarters are located at 333 Beverly Road, Hoffman Estates, Illinois 60179.
10. Defendant Edward A. Brennan ("Brennan") was Chairman of the Board of Directors ("Chairman") and Chief Executive Officer ("CEO") of Sears from the beginning of the Class period, April 10, 1994, to August 9, 1995 when he retired.
11. Defendant Arthur C. Martinez, ("Martinez") was Chairman of Sears Merchandise Group ("SMG") a division of Sears from the beginning of the Class Period to August 1995 when he became Chairman and CEO of Sears, succeeding Brennan.
12. Defendant James M. Denny ("Denny")was Vice-Chairman of the Board of Directors("Vice-Chairman") of Sears from 1992 to 1994 and Acting CFO from the beginning of the Class period, April 10, 1994 to August 9, 1995 when he was replaced by Alan J. Lacy.
13. James A. Blanda ("Blanda") was Vice President and Controller of Sears during the Class Period.
14. Defendant Steven D. Goldstein ("Goldstein") was President of Sears Credit from 1996 to the present.
15. Defendant Alan J. Lacy ("Lacy"), was Executive Vice President and CFO of Sears from August 1995 to the present.
16. The above defendants, (the "Individual Defendants"). by reason of their direct and substantial management positions and responsibilities during the time relevant to this Complaint, were "controlling persons" of Sears within the meaning of Sec tion 20 of the Exchange Act, and had the power and influence to control Sears and exercised such control to cause the Company to engage in the violations and improper practices complained of herein. As CEO and Chairmen of Sears, Brennan and Martinez pers onally reviewed and authorized Sears' press releases and public statements, personally made statements to the press regarding Sears and signed Sears' SEC Forms 10-K and Annual Reports. Denny and Lacy, as CFO, were signatories of SEC Forms 1O-Q and 8-K wh ich announced financial results and were responsible for, and failed to assure, the veracity of Sears' financial statements. Shute and Levin, as General Counsel, were in a position to authorize Sears' policy of not filing debt reaffirmations with the ban kruptcy court as required by law. Goldstein, as President of Sears Credit, was in a position to, and did authorize Sears' policy of obtaining debt reaffirmations from bankrupt Sears credit customers. and, without ascertaining that such debt reaffirmatio ns had been properly filed with the court. improperly reported receivables collected pursuant to such debt reaffirmations as additions to revenues.
17. The Individual Defendants, because of their position as Chairman and or CEO of Sears or SMG, CFO of Sears, or president of Sears Credit had access to adverse non-public information about the business and future prospects of Sears and acted to conceal and misrepresent such material information in violation of their duties and responsibilities under the federal securities laws.
18. Plaintiff brings this action as a class action pursuant to Rule 23 of the Federal Rules of Civil Procedure on behalf of a class (the "Class") consisting of all persons and entities who purchased Sears common stock between April 16, 1994, and April 16, 1997, inclusive (the "Class Period") and were damaged thereby. Excluded from the Class are the Individual Defendants, members of their immediate families, any entity in which the individual Defendants have a controlling interest, and the legal representatives, heirs, successors, predecessors in interest, affiliates or assigns of the Individual Defendants.
19. The Class is so numerous that joinder of all Class members is impracticable. As of April 4, 1997, there were more 390 million shares of Sears common stock outstanding held by 243,986 shareholders of record throughout the United States and th e world.
20. Plaintiffs claims are typical of the claims of the members of the Class since all members of the Class purchased shares of Sears common stock during the Class Period and sustained damages arising out of defendants' wrongful conduct in violati on of federal securities laws as alleged herein.
21. Plaintiff will fairly and adequately protect the interests of the members of the Class. Plaintiff has retained counsel competent and experienced in class action and securities litigation and plaintiff has no interests antagonistic to or in c onflict with the other members of the Class.
22. A class action is superior to other available methods for the fair and efficient adjudication of this controversy. Joinder of all Class members is impracticable. The likelihood of individual Class members prosecuting separate claims is remo te. Since the damages suffered by individual Class members may be small relative to the expense and burden of individual litigation, it is impracticable for Class members individually to seek redress for the wrongs done to them. It is desirable for all concerned to concentrate this litigation in this particular forum. No unusual difficulties are likely to be encountered in the management of this class action.
23. There are questions of law and fact common to the members of the Class which predominate over any questions affecting any individual members. These common questions of law and fact include, among others:
(a) whether all defendants violated Section 10(b) of the Exchange Act and SEC Rule 1Ob-5;
(b) whether the individual Defendants violated Section 2O(a) of the Exchange Act;
(c) whether the Individual Defendants participated in the common course of conduct complained of herein;
(d) whether documents, releases, reports and statements disseminated to the investing public and stockholders of Sears during the Class Period omitted to state or misrepresented material facts about Sears earnings, and the material negative imp act on those earnings of Sears' improper pressure on its bankrupt customers, after they filed for bankruptcy, to continue paying their credit cards, and Sears' illegal hiding of debt affirmation agreements from the bankruptcy Court;
(e) whether the Individual Defendants acted with knowledge or with reckless disregard for the truth in omitting to state and/or misrepresenting material facts about Sears' earnings and the material negative impact of Sears' improper pressure on bankrupt customers to continue paving their credit card bills even after they filed for personal bankruptcy, and Sears' illegal concealment of debt reaffirmation agreements from the bankruptcy Court;
(f) whether, during the Class Period, the market price of Sears's common stock was artificially inflated due to the non-disclosures and/or material misrepresentations complained of herein; and
(g) whether the members of the Class have sustained damages and, if so, the proper measure thereof.
24. Plaintiff will rely, in part, upon the presumption of reliance established by the fraud-on-the-market doctrine in that:
(a) the Individual Defendants made public misrepresentations during the Class Period as alleged in this Complaint;
(b) the misrepresentations were material;
(c) shares of Sears common stock were traded on a developed national stock exchange, namely the New York Stock Exchange which is an efficient market within the meaning of that term in the context used in this Complaint; and
(d) plaintiff and the other members of the Class purchased their Sears shares between the time defendants made the misrepresentations and the time the truth was at least partially revealed, without knowledge of the falsity of the misrepresentatio ns.
25. Based upon the above, plaintiff is entitled to a presumption of reliance upon the integrity of the market for the purposes of class certification. Similarly, plaintiff is also entitled to a presumption of reliance with respect to the omissio ns alleged in this Complaint.
26. The Exchange Act's safe harbor provision for forward-looking statements under certain circumstances does not apply to any of the statements alleged to be false and misleading in this Complaint. The statements complained of herein were not fo rward-looking as defined by the Exchange Act. To the extent that any of the statements alleged herein are deemed forward-looking, all of those statements are material and none of those statements were accompanied by meaningful cautionary statements speci fically identifying factors that could cause actual results to differ materially from those in the putative forward-looking statements. Alternatively, to the extent that the statutory safe harbor does apply to any statements pleaded herein, the Defendant s are liable for those false statements because, at the time each of those statements was made, they knew that the statement was false and the corporate defendant, Sears, is liable because the statements were authorized and/or approved by executive office rs and at least one director of Sears who knew that those statements were false when made.
27. On April 10, 1997, Sears filed an SEC Form 8-K to which it attached a press release dated April 10, 1997 In the 8-K Sears declared:
On April 10, 1997, the registrant issued the press release attached hereto as Exhibit 99. The press release relates to a voluntary restitution plan Sears filed with the U.S. Bankruptcy Court for the District of Massachusetts on April 9, 1997. Sears estimates that during this period it received notice of $2.4 billion of debt owed to it which was the subject of Chapter 7 bankruptcy filings, of which Sears reaffirmed approximately $412 million. Sears does not yet know what portion of the $412 million in reaffirmed debts were not filed with the court, but is working expeditiously to resolve this matter. While the cost of the plan has not yet been determined, it will be charged to operations as soon as the amount is quantified. (Emphasis added)
28. The press release itself said:
Sears, Roebuck and Co. yesterday filed a motion in U.S. Bankruptcy Court for the District of Massachusetts indicating that the company would voluntarily repay Chapter 7 bankruptcy debtors nationwide whose debt reaffirmations were not filed as required by the U.S. Bankruptcy Code.
Under the reaffirmation provisions of the U.S. Bankruptcy Code, a debtor seeking Chapter 7 protection may agree to repay his or her debts to creditors. This reaffirmation must be filed with the court to be valid.
Sears said it exercised flawed legal judgment in the execution and handling of certain debt reaffirmations. Immediately upon learning of this problem, the company's senior management last week directed that all reaffirmations must be filed in a timely fashion. Yesterday, the company initiated the voluntary restitution plan described in its motion to the Bankruptcy Court in Massachusetts. The company also discussed its plan with the offices of the Massachusetts Attorney General and the U.S. Bankruptcy Trustee for Region One, which includes Massachusetts. Under the plan, the company will return amounts collected through reaffirmation agreements that were not filed, including principal and finance charges, with interest.
To implement the plan, Sears has initiated a process to identify any debtors whose reaffirmation agreements were not filed properly during the period 1992 to date. Until repayments can be made, the company, as soon as possible, will cease sending billing statements and assessing interest charges to former debtors who signed reaffirmation agreements that were not filed.
While the company is in the early stages of assessing the cost of its plan, Sears expects it may have a material effect on 1997 annual earnings.
The company yesterday received documents relating to a class action suit filed in the Bankruptcy Court of Massachusetts that pertain to the same issues.
Sears has retained the services of Professor Lawrence P. King, the Charles Seligson Professor of Law at New York University School of Law, to perform a review of Sears procedures with regard to reaffirmation agreements. The company advised the court that it is committed to following Professor King's recommendations to assure future compliance with requirements of the bankruptcy code.
(Emphasis added)
29. In other words, Sears pressured its customers who had filed personal bankruptcy into agreeing to continue to pay Sears money, even though bankruptcy proceedings had commenced, and even though bankruptcy law requires that any such "debt reaffirma tions" be reported to the bankruptcy court.
30. In a hearing before the bankruptcy court in Massachusetts on April 4, 1997, Chief Judge Carol J. Kenner said of Sears:
This is one of the most egregious cases I've seen in almost eleven years on the bench ... if not the most egregious ... abuse..... It's been... I think one of the most professionally frustrating instances of stonewalling I have seen in a long time, maybe ever. What Sears has done is they're kicking the little guy when he's down - 2,734 times. They've taken advantage of people, and frankly, I think their actions have been predatory.
31. Moreover, it was reported in The Wall Street Journal of April 11, 1997 that a trustee in many of the personal bankruptcy cases said that Sears "uses repossession of goods purchased with their [customers] credit cards as leverage' in getting customers to sign reaffirmation agreements."
32. Bankruptcy courts often disallow such reaffirmation agreements in the belief that consumers cannot afford them, and a federal bankruptcy commission has urged Congress to preclude the agreements.
33. By not informing the bankruptcy court, Sears was collecting debt which may have been eliminated by the bankruptcy court.
34. By not disclosing the reaffirmation agreements, Sears was able to hold down its credit-card charge-offs which, nonetheless, have been rising. Since Sears' credit business accounts for about half of Sears' net income, it was imperative for Se ars to limit its credit card losses.
35. The Sears credit card is crucial to Sears' business. In its 1996 annual Report, Sears said that more than 60% of all merchandise sold in Sears full-line stores was purchased on Sears card in 1996. For big-ticket items such as washers, dryer s, ranges and refrigerators, and hard-line items such as tools, paint, tires and batteries, the market share is even higher.
36. In the press release, Sears admitted that it had "exercised flawed legal judgment in the execution and handling of certain debt reaffirmations."
37. Sears also said that "While the company is in the early stages of assessing the cost of its plan, Sears expects it may have a material effect on 1997 annual earnings."
38. As a result of this announcement, the price of Sears stock fell 7.6% in one day, from $50 to $47 a share.
39. Sears originated from an enterprise established in 1886. It was incorporated under the laws of New York in 1906. Its principal executive offices are located at 3333 Beverly Road, Hoffman Estates, Illinois. Sears and its consolidated subsid iaries is a multi-line retailer which provides a wide array of merchandise and services through two segments-Domestic Operations and International Operations. The Company is among the largest retailers in the world on the basis of sales of merchandise an d services.
40. Sears generated revenues of $29.6 billion $31.2 billion and $33.8 billion, in 1994, 1995 and 1996, respectively, that is, the Class Period, with earnings of $857 million, $ 1 billion and $1.3 billion in 1994, 1995 and 1996 respectively. Duri ng that same period, Sears Credit generated approximately half of all earnings for Sears Merchandise Group.
41. The Domestic Operations segment includes the Company's Retail Stores (comprised of Full-line, Home and Auto Stores), Sears Credit, the division of Sears responsible for its credit card business, Home Services and Direct Response Marketing in the United States and Puerto Rico. Sears Credit is responsible for all aspects of the Sears card, the largest proprietary credit card in the United States
42. The Company's domestic credit operations provide credit for customers to purchase goods and services from the Retail Stores, Home Services and Direct Response Marketing. As of December 1996, Credit had approximately 27.4 million active custo mer credit accounts (accounts with balances as of the beginning or end of December 1996). These accounts had an average balance of $971. Sears card, the traditional charge card, accounted for approximately 90% of total receivables. There were approxima tely 40 million Sears card customers with accounts that were active during any month in 1996.
43. Until recent years, Sears only accepted its own Credit Card Today, Sears stores accept major third party credit and debit cards such as VISA, MasterCard, American Express and Discover Card. Sears card as a percent of total sales in the Full- line and HomeLife Stores was approximately 60.2%, 59.7% and 58.3% for fiscal years 1996, 1995 and 1994, respectively. Since August 1, 1993, when Sears began to accept VISA, MasterCard and .American Express cards at all Sears stores, the Company has focus ed intensely on marketing and other initiatives that are designed to maintain and increase the penetration of Credit products in all sales and service channels, as well as to increase the revenues of the Retail Stores. Home Services and Direct Response M arketing.
44. In its report on SEC Form 8-K of April 10, 1997, Sears disclosed that it was reviewing the filing of debt reaffirmations as far back as 1992. At this time, there is no evidence that Sears' improper policy of failing to file debt reaffirmatio ns in bankruptcy court may not have been in place at an earlier date.
45. The failure to file debt reaffirmations with the bankruptcy court meant that Sears had illegally captured funds to which it was not entitled. The exact magnitude of that illegal capture is not yet known. Sears admitted publicly that the re stitution of those funds to Sears customers would have a "material effect" on 1997 annual earnings," in a company which reached $1 billion in earnings in 1995. Moreover, since Credit earnings have accounted for approximately half of the earnings of Sears Merchandise Group, the amount is clearly substantial. Sears further admitted that the amount of such reaffirmations could reach in excess of $400 million not including interest, penalties or Fines.
46. From 1992 to April 10, 1997, both before and during the Class Period, Sears routinely reported earnings which had been inflated by credit revenues improperly obtained pursuant to debt affirmations which had not been reported to bankruptcy cou rt in violation of bankruptcy law.
47. In its Annual Report for 1992, Sears reported a net loss of $3.932 billion, or $10.72 per share, on revenues of $52.3 billion. which included Sears' interest in The Allstate Corporation and The Homart Development Co., Sears insurance and rea l estate subsidiaries, respectively, until 1995. While Sears reported a major net loss over all, it reported net income of $408 million, on revenues of $2.8 billion, for its Credit division.
48. In its SEC Form 10-K for 1992, filed on March 30, 1993, prior to the Class Period, Sears reported that there was $20.3 billion of retail customer receivables before sales of account balances and that approximately 8.1% of total credit balance s are liquidated each month.
49. In its Annual Report for 1993, filed with its SEC Form 1O-K on march 29, 1994, Sears reported net income of $7516 million, on revenues of $29.6 billion for the Sears Merchandise Group. Sears also reported credit earnings of $440 million on c redit revenues of $3.3 billion.
50. In the same document, Sears said that "[a]s of December 31, 1993, Credit had approximately 26 million active customer credit accounts. These accounts had an average balance of $795, for a total of $20.4 billion of retail customer receivables before sales of account balances." Sears said that "[b]ased on current experience, approximately 7.9% of the amount of total credit balances is liquidated each month."
51. In its SEC Form 1O-K for 1994, at the beginning of the Class period, filed on March 24, 1995, Sears reported net income of $890 million for the Merchandise Group on revenues of $33 billion. Sears also reported that its domestic credit activi ties had an average balance of $842, for a total of $21.3 billion of retail customer receivables before sales of account balances.
52. In its 1995 Annual Report, Sears reported net income of $1.03 billion, or $4.50 per share, on revenue of $34.9 billion, including credit revenues of $3.9 billion on credit receivables, of $23.8 billion. Credit revenues were reported up 7.3% from 1994 "reflecting higher gross receivable balances driven by strong merchandise sales and a reduction in the minimum required monthly payment rate." Sears reported that credit receivables were up 11.4% from 1994.
53. The year 1995 was hailed as a "milestone" for Sears which reached $1 billion in earnings for the first time.
54. The year 1995 was also the second full year during which Sears accepted third-party credit cards - including Visa, MasterCard, American Express and the Discovery Card. Inevitably, the use of such cards threatened the monopoly of the Sears card, and Sears was well aware of the problem. In its 1995 SEC Form 10-K, Sears stated that "[a]lthough customers' use of third party credit cards replaces to some extent their use of Sears credit plans, It is expected that the long-term effect on credit oper ations will be offset by the effects of new initiatives to increase Sears card market penetration in all sales and service channels without lowering credit standards.
55. In its Annual Report for 1996, Sears reported earnings of $1.27 billion, an increase of 24% over 1995, on revenues of $38.24 billion, an increase of 9.3%. Chairman Martinez also announced Sears "First ever back-to-back billion-dollar sales we eks during the holiday shopping season." Sears also reported Credit revenue of $4.4 billion, an increase of 16% over 1995, double the increase of 1995 over 1994. The 1996 Annual Report also included the following data relating to Sears Credit: